Pays par pays, le degré de liberté sur Internet

Ils sont 17 pays au monde, dont la France, à offrir une réelle liberté d’usage sur le numérique. Partout ailleurs, les restrictions existent à des degrés divers.

Le rapport 2013 de Freedom House établit un classement mondial de la liberté sur Internet. - DR

Filtrage, blocage de sites, suppression de contenus, cyber-attaque, restriction des réseaux sociaux... En matière de liberté sur Internet, la situation mondiale est loin d’être uniforme. Le rapport annuel publié par Freedom House , une organisation américaine fondée en 1941 et centrée sur la liberté dans le monde, permet de mieux cerner l’état de l’art concernant les restrictions liées au numérique.

Pour voir cette carte en grand format, cliquez ici

Selon le rapport 2013, les pays garantissant le plus grand niveau de liberté concernant Internet sont, dans l’ordre, l’Islande, l’Estonie et l’Allemagne. La France, en sixième position derrière les Etats-Unis et l’Australie, figure également dans le peloton de tête des pays qualifiés de « libre » par Freedom House.

A l’inverse, en queue de peloton, à savoir dans la zone les pays jugés comme restrictifs, figurent la Chine, Cuba et l’Iran. Entre ces deux extrêmes, les positions obtenues par certains pays surprennent parfois. Le Kenya et l’Ukraine obtiennent ainsi un satisfecit de la part de Freedom House, en étant classés dans la catégorie des payes « libres ». En revnache, la Turquie ou encore la Corée du Sud se retrouvent dans la zone intermédiaire, en étant qualifiés de pays « partiellement libres ».

Par Les Echos | 08/10 | 12:46

http://www.lesechos.fr/entreprises-secteurs/tech-medias/actu/0203053131642-pays-par-pays-le-degre-de-liberte-sur-internet-614970.php?xtor=RSS-2059

A Map With Each Country's Favorite Website

Two researchers, Mark Graham and Stefano De Stabbata, at the Oxford Internet Institute have depicted the world's 'Internet empires' in a map. The map shows each nation's most popular website, with the size of nations altered to reflect the number of Internet users there.

The map makes for a brief, informative look at how geographic - and universal - certain web tastes and habits are.

Posted by Gerard on 10/07/2013

Monday, 7 October 2013

http://presurfer.blogspot.com/2013/10/a-map-with-each-countrys-favorite.html

D'ici à 2030, les écarts de salaires entre pays se réduiront fortement

Les écarts de salaires entre les économies "matures" et les économies"émergentes" devraient diminuer de "manière significative" d'ici à 2030, entraînant des bouleversements dans les choix de localisation des entreprises, affirme une étude du cabinet de conseil PwC publiée samedi 28 septembre (PDF de l'étude complète).

Selon cette projection, l'écart serait réduit en raison notamment d'une forte progression des salaires moyens dans les pays émergents. Même si l'Inde et lesPhilippines demeurent en dernière position des projections, les salaires moyens mensuels pourraient quadrupler dans le premier pays (passant de 132 dollars en 2011 à 616 dollars en 2030) et tripler dans le second (de 169 à 581 dollars), selon PwC.

Salaire mensuel moyen en 2011 (en dollars) :




Salaire mensuel moyen en 2030 :




Pendant ce temps, les salaires réels en France (qui resterait au deuxième rang, passant de 3 821 dollars à 5 022 en 2030), aux Etats-Unis (de 3 482 à 4 574 dollars) ou en Grande-Bretagne (de 3 433 à 4 665 dollars) devraient seulement croître "d'un tiers environ", affirme l'étude. Le rapport entre les salaires réels moyens en France et en Inde passerait ainsi de 28 fois supérieur à 8 fois. Entre les Etats-Unis et le Mexique, le rapport passerait de 7 à 4. En Chine, le salaire moyen augmenterait pour représenter plus de la moitié de celui de l'Espagne, selon le cabinet de conseil.

Evolution des salaires des économies émergentes par rapport aux Etats-Unis :




Conséquence établie par l'étude : "Les entreprises pourraient relocaliser certaines activités de production ou de services dans leur pays d'origine, comme ont déjà commencé à le faire certaines sociétés américaines, ou bien elles pourraient les transférer dans des pays à relativement plus bas coût." Autre scénario évoqué par le cabinet, "les entreprises pourraient se réimplanter dans des pays où les coûts sont initialement plus élevés, mais qui sont géographiquement plus proches, renforçant ainsi leur contrôle sur leur chaîne d'approvisionnement".

Le Monde.fr avec AFP | 28.09.2013 à 10h35 • Mis à jour le 28.09.2013 à 11h08

http://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2013/09/28/d-ici-2030-les-ecarts-de-salaires-entre-pays-se-reduiront-fortement_3486474_3234.html#xtor=RSS-3208

Top countries with highest human development index rates

Explore more infographics like this one on the web's largest information design community - Visually.

http://visual.ly/top-countries-highest-human-development-index-rates

'Scoring Africa' Infographic Compares the Development of Countries Across Africa

Africa accounts for 15% of the world’s population and 20% of its land mass – and despite its abundant natural resources it remains the poorest and most underdeveloped continent on earth. Great Business Schools created this interactive infographic to compare the development of different countries in Africa over a range of key criteria – including economy, infrastructure, health, and education.

Read more: 'Scoring Africa' Infographic Compares the Development of Countries Across Africa | Inhabitat - Sustainable Design Innovation, Eco Architecture, Green Building

A Map of the World, with Each Name Listed in that Country's Language

maptitude:

This is a endonym map - a map in which labels are written as they would be in the area being labeled. In other words, each country’s name is written in its native language. It’s a great representation of how our own maps are very tailored to our own use, in ways we don’t usually think about. You can see more of this map here.

http://scienceandorfiction.tumblr.com/post/57884249521/maptitude-this-is-a-endonym-map-a-map-in

Et les pays du monde les plus innovants sont...

Selon le Global Innovation Index 2013, les trois pays les plus innovants sont la Suisse, la Suède et le Royaume-Uni. Un classement qui fixe la France à la vingtième place.

Selon le Global Innovation Index, douze des vingt pays du monde les plus innovants sont européens.
DR

Cent quarante-deux pays notés sur la base de quatre-vingt-quatre indicateurs ayant trait à la qualité de la formation supérieure, les possibilités de micro-financement ou le capital-risque...

L'Indice mondial de l'innovation est une entreprise de grande ampleur. Publié par Johnson Cornell University, la business schoolInsead, et l'Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle, et réalisé avec l'aide du cabinet Booz & Co entre autres, il place cette année la Suisse, suivie de la Suède et du Royaume-Uni, sur le podium.

L'Hexagone se hisse au vingtième rang, soit une petite progression par rapport à sa 24e place de l'Index 2012. Malgré cela la France reste au 12e rang en Europe... Précédés des Pays-Bas, les Etats-Unis reviennent à la cinquième place du classement. Le palmarès complet ici.

Par Marianne Rey pour LEntreprise.com, publié le 23/07/2013 à 18:35

En savoir plus sur http://lentreprise.lexpress.fr/innovation/et-les-pays-du-monde-les-plus-innovants-sont_42301.html#biUFUbxP1sQY4rtA.99

Bonus. La Tunisie occupe le 70e rang avec un score de 35,8

Many Countries Think China's Economy Is The World's Most Powerful

China hasn't surpassed the U.S. in economic size just yet -- but a new poll shows that a majority think it's already happened.

Shannon Stapleton/Reuters

The question of if and when China will take America's place as world's largest and most powerful economy has inspired a lot of debate. U.S. intelligence analysts predict it will happen by 2030; according to OECD estimates, it could be as early as 2016. Going by Chinese estimates, the country's economy might not surpass the U.S. at any point this century.

As for the general public's opinion, China has already overtaken the U.S. as the world's largest and most powerful economy, or will soon. Since the financial crisis, an increasing number of people around the world believe China has surpassed the US, according to a yearly survey (pdf) by the Pew Research Center.

This year's poll of about 38,000 people found that in 23 of 39 countries surveyed, a plurality of respondents said they believed China would or had already replaced the U.S. as the world's no. 1 superpower. Looking at 20 countries polled in 2008 and then again this year, Pew found that the percentage of those who placed China in the top spot went up in all but one country (Mexico). The median percentage of people (the midpoint in the range of percentages in each of the 20 countries) who view China as top dog in these 20 countries rose to 34 percent this year, from 20 percent in 2008. Meanwhile, the median percentage that named the U.S. fell to 41 percent from 47 percent.

In other words, when comparing 2013′s data with that of 2008, there were more countries in 2013 that had a higher percentage of people who put China in the top spot.

The poll also shows that in terms of image, the so-called U.S.-China rivalry may be something of a zero sum game. Some of the regions where the U.S. is most popular are where China is the least popular, and vice versa.

In Asia, the median percentage of those who viewed China well was 58 percent; compared to 64 percent who were positive about America. The clearest cases in that region are Japan, where only 5 percent viewed China favorably compared to 69 percent who had a positive image of the U.S., and Pakistan where 81 percent liked China but only 11 percent viewed the US in good light.

In the Middle East, only 21 percent viewed the U.S. favorably compared to 45 percent who saw China in a good light. Perceptions of China were the lowest in Europe and Canada, where favorability for the U.S. was high.

Here's a list of all the countries surveyed this year, and where they stand on which country is the foremost global economic power.

LILY KUO & RITCHIE KINGJUL 19 2013, 12:44 PM ET

http://www.theatlantic.com/china/archive/2013/07/many-countries-think-chinas-economy-is-the-worlds-most-powerful/277951/

Here Are the Countries Where People Are Most Likely to Pay Bribes

Buyoffs discriminate against the poor and disenfranchised. Here's where they're most common.

Transparency International

For a butcher named Valery Tsaturov in the town of Timonino, Russia, bribes are a natural part of life. Police officers demand $30 to let him drive home from the meat factory, as the Washington Post documented last year. For the health inspectors, it's $500 a month just to keep his doors open.

Russia's bribe epidemic is well-known, despite its efforts to fight corruption, buta new report by the nonprofit Transparency International casts light on the global problem of kickbacks and fringe benefits.

Map of countries by percentage of people who have paid bribes

The darker the country, the more bribes were paid. Scroll over the countries for exact figures.

The map above ranks countries based on the percentage of people who reported having paid a bribe in one of eight different government services in the past year, including in sectors like medical care, police, judiciary, and land registration. Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Yemen had the highest percentages, with about three-quarters or more of the population saying they had bribed someone. Worldwide, one in four people report having paid a bribe, and police were the most commonly bribed institution.

It's a great guide to the countries that still have far to go in combatting buyoffs, but, frustratingly, data for a few notorious countries are missing: Russia, China, and Brazil among them.

In countries where bribes have become endemic, they can act as a type of regressive tax on the poor and can prevent low-income households from accessing basic services, as the report notes:

The East Africa Bribery Index for example finds that the average bribe paid for land services is more than$100 (9,842 Kenyan Shilling) in Kenya and the average value of a bribe paid to the judiciary in Uganda is more than $200 (594,137 Ugandan Shilling). A survey in Mexico finds that the cost of bribery has a regressive effect on Mexican households hurting the poor the most, with an average-income household spending 14 percent of that income on bribes and those with the lowest incomes spending 33 percent. In Greece, the total costs households incurred due to corruption were estimated to amount to €420 million in 2012.

Overall, the group found that worldwide corruption has increased, with political parties perceived as "the most corrupt public institution."

The group recommends as one of its solutions that "people should refuse to pay a bribe, wherever asked and whenever possible," but that's probably a tall order in countries where getting medical treatment or police help depends on greasing palms.

PRESENTED BY  

OLGA KHAZAN is The Atlantic's global editor.

JUL 9 2013, 11:08 AM ET

http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/07/here-are-the-countries-where-people-are-most-likely-to-pay-bribes/277624/